Non-Participant Observer

A non-participant observer is a study or research method in which the observer (data collector) does not participate in the study or interact with the subjects. This is the most common method of observational studies because it has the least influence on the subjects and thereby increases the validity of the study.

This contrasts from participant observation which is a type of research method in which the researcher/observer actively participates, interacts, and is involved with the group being studied. Although participant observation can lead to detailed descriptions and information shared by participants questions of objectivity can come to light. That is why non-participant observation is a common method of case study and observational research.