Herman Ludwig Ferdinand Von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz was a German physician, physicist, and philosopher of the late nineteenth century who made significant contributions to the modern sciences of both physiology and psychology through his research on the eye, theories of vision and perception of sound.

Likewise his research in physics provided new theories of conservation of energy, electrodynamics, and both chemical and physical thermodynamics. His contributions to philosophy included his philosophy of science, the relationship between perception and the laws of nature, esthetics and the civilizing power of science.